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Number System Conversion The binary number system is the most important one in digital systems as it is very easy to implement in circuitry. The decimal system is important because it is universally used to represent quantities outside a digital system. In addition to binary and decimal, octal and hexadecimal number systems find widespread application in digital systems. These number systems (octal and hexadecimal) provide an efficient means for representing large binary numbers. As we shall see, both these number systems have the advantage that they can be easily converted to and from binary. In a digital system, three or four of these number systems may be in use at the same time, so that an understanding of the system operation requires the ability to convert from one number system to another. This section discusses how to perform these conversions. So, let us discuss them one by one. Decimal to Binary Conversio There are two procedures for converting (integers) from decimal to bina...

Computer Keyboard shortcut keys | Windows command, MS-Office & Browsers Windows Shortcut keys   Open File Explore windows + E      Open Run command windows + R    Minimize window windows + D  Open Search Bar windows + S  See Time and Date (work only windows 8) windows + C  Minimize window   windows + M    Try and see  windows + >  Open Ease of Access center  windows + U    Open Settings windows + I     Open Project windows + P    Switch between windows ALT + TAB Shutdown windows ALT + F4 Open Task bar CTRL + SHIFT + DELETE MS-Office Shortcut Keys  RIGHT...

 INTERNAL WORKING IN PYTHON Before you start working in Python , you need to install Python on your computers. There are multiple Python distributions available today. ◆ Default installation available from www.python.org is called CPython installation and   comes with Python interpreter, Python IDLE (Python GUI) and Pip (package installer). There are many other Python distributions available these days. Anaconda Python distribution is one such highly recommended distribution that comes preloaded with   many packages and libraries (e.g., NumPy, SciPy, Panda libraries etc.).   Many popular IDEs are also available e.g., Spyder IDE, PytCharm IDE etc. Of these, Spyder IDE is already available as a part of Anaconda Python distribution.   To install any of these distributions, PLEASE REFER TO APPENDIX A. We shall learn to work with both these distribution types [but my personal favourite is Anaconda ;) - not the reptile, the Python distribution :)]   Onc...

What is Operators in C++ Operators are tokens that trigger some computation when applied to variables and other objects in an expression. The following list gives a brief description of the operators and their functions.  What is Unary operators Unary operators are those operators that require one operator to operate upon. Following are some unary operators:   &         Address operator   *          Indirection operator   +         Unary plus     -          Unary minus     ~         F1    ++       Bitwise complement  --         increment operator     !       decrement operator Logical negation What is Binary operators Binary operators are those operators that require two operands to operate upon. Following a...

INTRODUCTION /  What is C++ The C++ programming language was developed at AT&T Bell Laboratories in the early 1980s by Bjarne Stroustrup. He found 'C lacking for simulations and decided to extend the language by adding features from his favourite language, Simula 67. Simula 67 was one of the earliest object oriented languages. Bjarne Stroustroup called it "C with classes" originally. The name C++ (pronounced C plus plus) was coined by Rick Mascitti where "++" is the C increment operator. Ever since its birth, C++ evolved to cope with problems encountered by users, and through discussions at AT&T. However, the maturation of the C++ language is attested to by two recent events: (i) the formation of an ANSI (American National Standard Institute) C++ Committee and (ii) the publication of The Annotated C++ Reference Manual by Ellis and Stroustrup.   C++ CHARACTER SET   Character set is a set of valid characters that a language can recognise. A character...

Number System in Computer Binary Number System Unfortunately, the decimal number system does not lend itself to convenien implementation in digital systems. For example, it is very difficult to design electronic equipment so that it can work with 10 different voltage levels (each one representing one decimal character, 0 through 9). On the other hand, it is very easy to design simple, accurate electronic circuits that operate with only two voltage levels. For this reason, almost every digital system uses the binary number system (base 2) as the Basic number system of its operations, although other systems are often used in conjunction with binary. In the binary system there are only two symbols or possible digit values, 0 and 1 Even so, this base-2 system can be used to represent any quantity that can be represented in decimal or other number systems. The binary system is also a positional-value system, wherein each binary digit has its own value or weight expressed as a power of 2. ...